What is Ectopic Pregnancy? Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Methods

Ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy that occurs when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. Medically known as ectopic pregnancy, it usually develops in the fallopian tubes and this condition does not allow the pregnancy to progress normally. Ectopic pregnancy can lead to serious complications if left untreated. If not diagnosed early, it can become a life-threatening health problem.


 

What is an Ectopic Pregnancy?

Ectopic pregnancy is a type of pregnancy that occurs when a fertilized egg settles somewhere other than the uterus. It usually occurs in the fallopian tubes, but in rare cases, an ectopic pregnancy can also develop in the ovary, abdominal cavity or cervix. This prevents the pregnancy from progressing healthily and requires medical intervention.

Basic Characteristics of Ectopic Pregnancy:

• Occurs in the Fallopian Tubes: Most ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tubes, which is why it is sometimes called a "tubal pregnancy".
• Incompatible with Life: Ectopic pregnancy cannot ensure the survival of the fetus and can put the mother's health at risk.
• Medical Emergency: If not diagnosed early, it can cause the fallopian tube to rupture and serious internal bleeding.

Ectopic pregnancy is seen in 1-2% of pregnancies, but it is a condition that should be monitored carefully because it can have serious consequences.

Why Does Ectopic Pregnancy Happen?

Although the exact causes of ectopic pregnancy are not fully known, it is known that some factors increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Fallopian tube damage, hormonal disorders and some health conditions can cause ectopic pregnancy.

Common Causes of Ectopic Pregnancy:

• Fallopian Tube Damage: Previous infections, pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), conditions such as in vitro fertilization treatments can cause damage to the tubes.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Hormonal changes in the body can prevent a fertilized egg from reaching the uterus.
• Structural Problems with the Uterus or Tubes: Structural disorders of the fallopian tubes can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
• Previous Surgeries: Having had previous pelvic or tubal surgery can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. can increase.

These factors can cause the fertilized egg to implant in the fallopian tubes or elsewhere before reaching the uterus.

What are the Symptoms of Ectopic Pregnancy?

The early symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy can be very similar to the symptoms of a normal pregnancy. However, as ectopic pregnancy progresses, serious symptoms such as abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding occur.

Ectopic Pregnancy Symptoms:

• Abdominal and Pelvic Pain: Sharp pain on one side in the abdomen or pelvic area is one of the most common symptoms of ectopic pregnancy.
• Vaginal Bleeding: Vaginal bleeding that resembles menstrual bleeding but is not normal may occur.
• Shoulder Pain: When internal bleeding begins as a result of the rupture of the tube, a reflected pain may be felt in the shoulder.
• Dizziness or Fainting: Low blood pressure or dizziness may occur due to internal bleeding.

Any of these symptoms If one of these occurs, immediate medical attention is necessary, because ectopic pregnancy can have serious consequences.

How is Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosed?

Ectopic pregnancy can be treated and complications can be prevented when diagnosed early. Ultrasound and blood tests are usually used to diagnose ectopic pregnancy.

Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnostic Methods:

• Transvaginal Ultrasound: Ultrasound shows whether there is a gestational sac in the uterus. If there is an ectopic pregnancy, a pregnancy that has settled outside the uterus may be seen.
• HCG Blood Test: If the levels of the beta HCG hormone are low or do not rise as in a normal pregnancy, an ectopic pregnancy may be suspected.
• Pelvic Examination: The doctor may check for tenderness in the uterus or abdominal area.

Early diagnosis is very important for treating ectopic pregnancy and preventing complications.

How is Ectopic Pregnancy Treated?

Ectopic pregnancy is a type of pregnancy that must be terminated because the baby cannot develop outside the uterus.r. Treatment options vary depending on how advanced the ectopic pregnancy is and the patient's general condition.

Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment Methods:

1. Drug Therapy: The drug called methotrexate is used to terminate ectopic pregnancy and allow the body to absorb the pregnancy tissues. It is usually suitable for ectopic pregnancies detected in the early stages.
2. Surgical Intervention: Laparoscopic surgery allows the ectopic pregnancy to be removed from the fallopian tubes. If the tube is damaged, it may be removed completely.
3. Emergency Surgery: In emergency cases where the tube has ruptured, open surgery may be required.

The type of treatment is determined by the doctor depending on the stage of the ectopic pregnancy and the patient's health condition.

Ectopic Pregnancy Risk Factors

Some women are at greater risk for ectopic pregnancy than others. Factors such as damage to the fallopian tubes or previous infections can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy:

• Previous Ectopic Pregnancy: The risk of ectopic pregnancy is higher in women who have had an ectopic pregnancy before.
• Pelvic Infections (PID): Sexually transmitted infections in particular increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
• Smoking: Smoking can impair the function of the fallopian tubes and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
• History of Surgery on the Tubes: Women who have had a previous tubal surgery or pelvic surgery are at risk for ectopic pregnancy.

These risk factors It may be possible to protect against ectopic pregnancy by taking into account the following.

The Recovery Process After Ectopic Pregnancy

There is both a physical and emotional recovery process after an ectopic pregnancy. Although physical recovery is usually complete within a few weeks, emotional recovery may take longer.

Things to Consider After Ectopic Pregnancy:

• Physical Rest: Especially after surgery, resting for a few days speeds up recovery.
• Pain and Discomfort Management: Mild pain and cramps are normal, but if you experience extreme pain, you should consult your doctor.
• Emotional Support: Ectopic pregnancy can be an emotionally challenging process for women. It is important to receive emotional support.

During the recovery process, not neglecting doctor check-ups and taking care of yourself physically will make the process easier.

Recurrent Ectopic Pregnancy and Treatment Methods

The risk of experiencing another ectopic pregnancy increases in women who have had an ectopic pregnancy once. Therefore, a more comprehensive examination and treatment may be required in recurrent ectopic pregnancies.

Recurrent Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment Methods:

• Examination of the Tubes: If there is damage to the tubes, they can be repaired with surgical intervention or the tubes can be removed.
• Fertility Treatments: Alternative fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization may be considered in recurrent ectopic pregnancies.

Your doctor will determine the appropriate treatment plan to minimize the risk of recurrent ectopic pregnancies.

Chances of Getting Pregnant After an Ectopic Pregnancy

Although it is possible to get pregnant again after an ectopic pregnancy, it requires careful planning. A new pregnancy can be planned after the recovery period is complete, but this process should be managed under the supervision of a doctor.

Planning a New Pregnancy:

• Doctor's Approval: It is important to get your doctor's approval before trying for a new pregnancy.
• Physical and Emotional Preparation: Make sure you are both physically and emotionally ready for a new pregnancy.

The chance of having a healthy pregnancy after an ectopic pregnancy is high, but it is important to follow your doctor's advice.

How to Prevent Ectopic Pregnancy?

Although ectopic pregnancy cannot always be prevented, it is possible to prevent this situation by reducing risk factors. Especially protection from sexually transmitted infections and a healthy lifestyle play an important role in reducing the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Ways to Protect Yourself from Ectopic Pregnancy:

• Using Protection Methods: Using protection methods to protect yourself from sexually transmitted infections.
• Quit Smoking: Smoking can damage the fallopian tubes, quitting smoking can reduce the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
• Avoid Infectionsmak: Taking sexual health precautions to reduce the risk of pelvic infection.

These steps can help reduce the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Emergency Symptoms of Ectopic Pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy can sometimes create life-threatening emergencies. A rupture of the fallopian tube or severe internal bleeding is one of these emergencies. If you experience these symptoms, you should seek immediate medical attention.

Emergency Symptoms:

• Severe Abdominal Pain: Abdominal pain that starts suddenly and gets worse may be a sign of an emergency.
• Dizziness and Fainting: Blood pressure may drop due to internal bleeding, which can lead to dizziness and fainting.
• Heavy Vaginal Bleeding: Any abnormal vaginal bleeding requires immediate medical attention.

If you experience any of these symptoms, you should seek immediate medical attention.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What happens if an ectopic pregnancy is not treated?

If left untreated, an ectopic pregnancy can cause the fallopian tube to rupture and cause internal bleeding. This can be a life-threatening emergency.

2. Can I get pregnant again after an ectopic pregnancy?

Yes, it is possible to get pregnant again after an ectopic pregnancy. However, you should plan a new pregnancy by following your doctor's advice.

3. Can ectopic pregnancy be prevented?

Although ectopic pregnancy cannot always be prevented, it is possible to reduce this risk by avoiding risk factors.

4. Can ectopic pregnancy be diagnosed early?

Yes, ectopic pregnancy can be diagnosed early with ultrasound and HCG blood tests.

5. What methods are used to treat ectopic pregnancy?

Drug therapy (methotrexate) and surgical intervention are the most common treatment methods.